The argument that there is a central flaw in heuristics and bias research—that it is a mistake to assume that the correct answer to any decision-making problem must be the normative answer supplied by classic probability theory—is __________

According to Kagan and colleagues, shy children were more likely toshow all of the

following in a test situation EXCEPT a. increase in heart rate. b. greater pupil dilation. c. greater concentrations of norepinephrine in their urine. d. greater concentrations ofcortisol in their saliva. e. more variable EEG's.

In Pavlov's terminology, the tuning-fork tone

(a) changed from unconditioned stimulus to neutral stimulus (b) changed from conditioned stimulus to neutral stimulus (c) changed from neutral stimulus to conditioned stimulus (d) had no appreciable effect