The quality of older peoples' friendships tends to improve to compensate for losses

According to the article Wolf in Sheepdog's Clothing, permission to study sheepdogs was obtained from

(a) a university committee which protects research participants (b) the head of the family farm (c) the county agricultural extension agent (d) no one--it is not necessary to get permission for naturalistic observations

Describe the study in which German judges were asked to make a decision about appropriate sentences for wrong-doers. After reading about the case,

judges received either harsh or more lenient recommendations from either a journalist, a random roll of the dice, or a seasoned prosecutor. What did the study show? What key heuristic did it powerfully (and worryingly) illustrate? What reason can you give for why the recommendations were so powerful?