The use of shame as a punishment _________________
a. is referred to as psychological control among American researchers
b. has been related to positive outcomes in both Western and traditional cultures
c. is associated with high rates of behavior problems in Japanese children
d. is universally accepted as the best method of discipline because it does not include physical punishment
Answer: A
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Sybil wants her daughter to put her dishes in the dishwasher
She shows her how to open the dishwasher, tells her where different items go, and explains that if everyone in the family puts their dishes away, it will be much easier to keep the kitchen clean and pleasant. Sybil is using a. reinforcement. c. direct instruction. b. punishment. d. inhibition.
Progressively more people in American culture giving individualistic advice such as "Believe in yourself and anything is possible," which in turn causes the next generation to be more individualistic, is an example of the __________ model
a. cognitive b. behavioral c. mutual constitution d. psychodynamic