Which of the following is something that can be verified by observation and is not arguable?

An actuality in radio is

a. a fact that is being reported b. an on-scene interview c. an audio clip that plays d. a Snapchat video

______ is used to confirm propositions of fact by presenting the best-supported reasons in a meaningful order.

a. problem-cause solution pattern b. criteria satisfaction pattern c. reasoning pattern d. statement of reasons pattern