In a short essay, explain how managers can shape behavior using punishment and extinction
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Punishment penalizes undesirable behavior and seeks to eliminate it. Suspending an employee without pay for repeatedly coming to work late is an example of punishment.
Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining a behavior is called extinction. When a behavior isn't reinforced, gradually it disappears. For example, a manager may offer rewards to encourage people to volunteer for early retirement. If too many people volunteer for early retirement, putting stress on the organization, the manager may remove the reward and try to eliminate volunteering for early retirement.
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Eliza has just opened a new business near campus that is a combination of a laundromat, a nail salon, and a tanning studio. At the end of the first quarter (three months of business), Eliza wants to see if she has made a profit so she makes an appointment to meet with her accountant. When she gets to the appointment, her accountant will review which of the following financial statements with Eliza?
A. balance sheet B. income statement C. statement of owner's equity
Jimmy is working on a performance appraisal for his subordinate, Jackie. The questionnaire asks whether Jackie is effective at working with others. Jimmy doesn't have many opportunities to observe Jackie around others, but he thinks she's a good employee in general, so he rates her high on this characteristic. Jimmy has made which type of rating error?
A) severity B) central tendency C) halo D) recency