________ rules concern mandates, authority, and social customs

Your grandmother is convinced that formula is the best way to feed infants because that is the way that she was fed as an infant. Although you do not want to argue, why did her mother's generation formula feed rather than breast feed?

a. Companies that produced formula convinced the public that formula feeding was the healthiest way to feed infants. b. Your great-grandmother was correct, we should be formula feeding. c. In the 1930s and 1940s, it was much more difficult to breast feed. d. Evidence is now beginning to emerge indicating that breast feeding can be dangerous to infants.

Lloyd’s roommate, Don, classically conditioned Lloyd to cringe whenever Don opened a squeaky drawer by pairing a squeak with a ping pong ball to Lloyd’s head. Lloyd wants to return the favor, so when Don is out, Lloyd discretely wires an electrode to the drawer handle to Don will be shocked when he touches it. Lloyd is using ____

a. ?negative reinforcement b. ?positive reinforcement c. ?negative punishment d. ?positive punishment