9. A random value to be repeated to assure that the response is fresh and has not been replayed by an opponent is the __________ .

Karen Jobs is a supervisor who deals directly with a group of production line workers. She spends several hours each week developing specific work assignments and production schedules for the coming week so that the production department can meet its short-term production objectives. This suggests that a significant component of Karen's job involves:

A. strategic planning. B. contingency planning. C. tactical planning. D. operational planning.

____________ and ____________ represent important ways to add value to a product

a. Reciprocation; classification b. Information; classification c. Information; consultation d. Reciprocation; consultation e. Reciprocation; mediation