In the 1980s, states raised the minimum drinking age to 21 . What role did the federal government play in bringing this about?
a. Congress required states to raise the drinking age as a condition for receiving federal highway funding.
b. The president issued an executive order requiring states to raise the drinking age.
c. The Supreme Court issued a decision invalidating state laws that allowed drinking by people under 21.
d. Congress made raising the drinking age an eligibility requirement for a competitive grant program.
a
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Which of the following is NOT necessary for the pluralist model of interest groups to be fair?
A) All significant interests in the population should be represented by groups. B) Government should listen to the views of all major interests. C) Lawmakers should attempt to balance perfectly the views of all competing interests. D) Lawmakers should pay attention to the concerns of lobbyists. E) The majoritarian model's emphasis on competitive elections should be viewed as compatible with pluralism.
Which of the following is false?
a. The National Security Strategy of the United States revised and released one year after the World Trade Center attacks put forward a new policy for checking the threat of nuclear war that relied on preemption. b. A significant number of officials in the administration of George W. Bush felt that the United States had erred during the first Gulf War in 1991 in not pressing the operation all the way to Baghdad and ousting Saddam Hussein. c. In the late 1990s, Saddam Hussein’s regime in Baghdad tested a low-yield nuclear warhead. d. The comprehensive 9/11 Commission Report, published in 2004, offered no evidence of collaborative ties between Iraq and al-Qaida.