As Toshio approaches any situation, he rapidly appraises its personal significance, which prepares him for action. What does Toshio's appraisal represent?

The validity of an item on a job selection test may be determined by relating responses to the

item to a A) predictor variable. B) job analysis. C) critical incident. D) performance criterion.

Research on conditioning generally has demonstrated the importance of ____, but findings regarding the biological constraints on conditioning have shown that ____ is also very important

a. nature; nurture b. nurture; nature c. heredity; biology d. instincts; training