Vella has amusia and, therefore, cannot hear.

Walter Cannon and other critics of the James-Lange theory of emotion based their attacks on all of the following EXCEPT that

a. autonomic nervous system responses happen too slowly to be involved in emotional responses. b. animals continue to respond emotionally after their viscera are separated from the central nervous system. c. visceral activity is irrelevant for emotional experience. d. there is independence of bodily and psychological responses when an emotion is experienced.

Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned are ______ therapies

a) traditional psychodynamic b) behavioral c) short-term psychodynamic d) cognitive