The systematic, meaningful arrangement of symbols, which provides the basis for communication, is known as

Gina is 14 years old, and was recently arrested for shoplifting. As part of her juvenile probation, she was scheduled to attend a community-based support program. Which of the following services might be offered by the program?

A) educational or vocational schooling B) substance abuse treatment C) individual or family therapy D) all of the above

Dave is interested in whether one's support for prayer in schools is associated with one's religiosity. This type of question is most characteristic of

a. descriptive research. b. laboratory research. c. relational research. d. experimental research.