Why has nominal GDP increased historically more rapidly than real GDP in the United States?

Suppose a monopoly sells to two identifiably different types of customers, A and B, who are unable to practice arbitrage. The inverse demand curve for group A is PA = 10 - QA, and the inverse demand curve for group B is PB = 18 - QB. The monopolist is able to produce the good for either type of customer at a constant marginal cost of 2, and the monopolist has no fixed costs. If the monopolist is

able to practice group price discrimination, the values of the elasticities of the two groups at the profit-maximizing prices are A) ?A = -1.25, and ?B = -1.5. B) ?A = -1.5, and ?B = -1.25. C) ?A = -0.67, and ?B = -0.8. D) ?A = -0.8, and ?B = -0.67.

In 1997 a community in a Southeastern state passed a beautification ordinance (law prohibiting the placement of indoor furniture outside of homes, i.e., no couches on the porch). The law represents a conflict between __________ and __________

a. the rich; the poor b. third parties; private property rights c. consumers of goods; producers of goods d. public goods; private goods e. market failure; government failure